http://islamqa.org/hanafi/albalagh/22485
The scholars have mentioned that martyrdom (shahada) can be of three types:
The scholars have mentioned that martyrdom (shahada) can be of three types:
- Martyr of the World and Hereafter (Shahīd al-Dunyā wa al-Ākhirah)
- One who is killed unjustly by a non-Muslim army, rebels, bandits, etc.
- 2.Martyr of the Hereafter (Shahīd al-Ākhirah)
- One who dies due to drowning, falling from a height, car accident, etc
- A hypocrite (munāfiq) who dies as an apparent martyr, but, in reality, is not a martyr due to not being a Munafiq
Dying due to a natural disaster falls into the 2nd category. As such, unlike the first category, such an individual will be washed and shrouded in a normal manner. [Nawawi, Sharh Sahih Muslim; Taqi Usmani, Darse Tirmidhi]
The fact that such people are considered to have the reward of martyrdom is based on the statement of the Prophet (Allah bless him and grant him peace), “The martyrs are five: the one who dies of a stomach illness, the one who dies of the plague, the one who drowns, the one who is crushed, and the one who dies [fighting] in the path of Allah.” [Bukhari, Muslim]
Also a martyr is he who is killed in a strange land far away from his hearth and kin as narrated from Ibn `Abbas by Ibn Majah, and from Abu Hurayra and Anas by al-Kharaiti.
Another hadith states that whoever dies because the roof his house fell in, is a martyr. Ibn Hibban narrated it in his Sahih.
Also a martyr is he who is killed because of an injustice as narrated from `Abd Allah ibn `Amr ibn al-`As by Ahmad and al-Nasai, and by the latter from Suwayd ibn Muqrin.
Al-Muwatta Hadith 16.36
Yahya related from Malik from Abdullah ibn Abdullah ibn Jabir ibn Atik that Atik ibn al-Harith told him that the Messenger of Allah (saws) said: What do you consider dying a martyr to be?" They said, "Death in the way of Allah." The Messenger of Allah (saws) said, "There are seven kinds of martyrs other than those killed in the Way of Allah. Someone who is killed by the plague is a martyr, someone who drowns is a martyr, someone who dies of pleurisy is a martyr, someone who dies of a disease of the belly is a martyr, someone who dies by fire is a martyr, someone who dies under a falling building is a martyr, and a woman who dies in childbirth is a martyr."
Sa'id ibn Zaid reported that the Prophet (saws) said: "He who is killed while guarding his property is a martyr, he who is killed while defending himself is a martyr, he who is killed defending his religion is a martyr, and he who dies protecting his family is (also) a martyr."
Related by Ahmad and Tirmidhi.
Other narrations add to the list individuals who die of burns, woman who die while pregnant, and so forth. [Muwatta, Musnad Ahmad]
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A,1) There are two categories of Shaheed (Martyr);
a) Considered a Shaheed in this world as well as in the hereafter, which is known as Shaheed Haqeeqi.
b) Considered a Shaheed only in the hereafter and not in this world, this is known as Shaheed Hukmi.
1) Shaheed Haqeeqi (getting killed in the hands of someone else) is the -one who dies in defending his wealth, his self, his household (family) and dying in the path of Allah Ta'ala.
(Tirmidhi- Book of Blood Wit, Nisai'- Book of Battles, Abu Dawud- Book of Ettiquettes)
If a person was attacked and shot at point blank range and died instantly without benefiting from any worldly cause (medication, food, drink, etc.) then he/she will be regarded as a Shaheed in his burial proceedings. (Raddul Mukhtaar vol.2 pg.250; HM Saeed).
The instrument used to kill the person (gun, knife, etc.) does not make a difference. (Tahtaawi pg.344; Qadeemi).
The burial Ahkam (ruling) for Shaheed Haqeeqi:
A worldly Shaheed will be buried without giving him/her Ghusl and without clothing him/her in burial clothes (Kafan). His/her excess clothing (jacket, jersey, etc.) and other personal little items such as weapons, money, wallet, etc. will be removed and included in his inheritance. Only Janaaza Salaat will be performed.
If a person was found dead and it is unknown who killed him, then this person will not be regarded as a Shaheed of the first type since it cannot be established as to whether he was killed unjustly or not. If the person did not die instantly but instead, he lived on even for a few minutes, and was able to attain some type of worldly benefit from this world (medication, food, drink, etc.), then he/she will not be included in this first type.
2) Shaheed Hukmi (accidental death) is the one dies from natural disasters, or drowned, squashed by something, burnt. (Muatta Imam Malik), a person who dies in a plague, a woman who passes away due to child birth, a person who passes away in a motor car accident, etc. Diseases e.g- One who dies of cancer of the internal organs, a person who passes away due to an illness of the stomach, etc. Insha Allah, they'll be counted from amongst the Shaheed.
The burial Ahkam (ruling) for Shaheed Hukmi:
This second type of Shaheed will be treated like a normal deceased person. He/she will be given Ghusl and be clothed in the Sunnat Kafan after which the Janaza Salaat will be performed.
(Darse Tirmidhi Vol. 5 Pg. 59,60)
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A,1) There are two categories of Shaheed (Martyr);
a) Considered a Shaheed in this world as well as in the hereafter, which is known as Shaheed Haqeeqi.
b) Considered a Shaheed only in the hereafter and not in this world, this is known as Shaheed Hukmi.
1) Shaheed Haqeeqi (getting killed in the hands of someone else) is the -one who dies in defending his wealth, his self, his household (family) and dying in the path of Allah Ta'ala.
(Tirmidhi- Book of Blood Wit, Nisai'- Book of Battles, Abu Dawud- Book of Ettiquettes)
If a person was attacked and shot at point blank range and died instantly without benefiting from any worldly cause (medication, food, drink, etc.) then he/she will be regarded as a Shaheed in his burial proceedings. (Raddul Mukhtaar vol.2 pg.250; HM Saeed).
The instrument used to kill the person (gun, knife, etc.) does not make a difference. (Tahtaawi pg.344; Qadeemi).
The burial Ahkam (ruling) for Shaheed Haqeeqi:
A worldly Shaheed will be buried without giving him/her Ghusl and without clothing him/her in burial clothes (Kafan). His/her excess clothing (jacket, jersey, etc.) and other personal little items such as weapons, money, wallet, etc. will be removed and included in his inheritance. Only Janaaza Salaat will be performed.
If a person was found dead and it is unknown who killed him, then this person will not be regarded as a Shaheed of the first type since it cannot be established as to whether he was killed unjustly or not. If the person did not die instantly but instead, he lived on even for a few minutes, and was able to attain some type of worldly benefit from this world (medication, food, drink, etc.), then he/she will not be included in this first type.
2) Shaheed Hukmi (accidental death) is the one dies from natural disasters, or drowned, squashed by something, burnt. (Muatta Imam Malik), a person who dies in a plague, a woman who passes away due to child birth, a person who passes away in a motor car accident, etc. Diseases e.g- One who dies of cancer of the internal organs, a person who passes away due to an illness of the stomach, etc. Insha Allah, they'll be counted from amongst the Shaheed.
The burial Ahkam (ruling) for Shaheed Hukmi:
This second type of Shaheed will be treated like a normal deceased person. He/she will be given Ghusl and be clothed in the Sunnat Kafan after which the Janaza Salaat will be performed.
(Darse Tirmidhi Vol. 5 Pg. 59,60)
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